The Case of Cross-Border Chemicals Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The of Cross-Border Chemicals - Case Study Example g weakness in the NAIOS treaty, and so the governments of Rantania, Aldor, and Pell put forward drafting a regional treaty on vital environmental concerns in this meeting. The biggest environmental issues involve pollution, protection of the endangered Red Crane, health and environmental effects of TCP, and food security. The issues are spread across all the states, with each state being affected with one or more of the issues. However, it is expected that all the issues will be resolved upon drafting and implementing the regional environmental treaty Firstly, the treaty will develop mechanisms and parameters that will define the boundaries that must not be crossed when it comes to these environmental issues. For instance, the use of TCP is beneficial to farmers because it increases yield, but excessive use will be curbed as much as possible. The treaty will define the boundaries and limits which when breached will call for appropriate action against the violators. Secondly, the treaty will define the course of action to be followed whenever the treaty’s terms are violated. For instance, what kind of measures will be taken against violators, and the procedures involved in adopting such measures. Finally, the treaty will define and explicitly state how future environmental issues will be addressed. It is important to note that this treaty is intended to solve current and future issues, and therefore will be dynamic and

Networking Topography Essay Example for Free

Networking Topography Essay

Simon: The Unexpected DJ :: Personal Narrative Writing

Simon: The Unexpected DJ Driving up Route 9 towards Poughkeepsie in a snow storm was not something I wanted to do. The time itself—an hour’s drive—was elongated by the pretty, but dangerous, falling snow. As my Beetle and I plowed up through Fishkill and made our way to the town of Poughkeepsie, I started getting nervous. I would be interviewing a real live DJ! Since I was a child I had always loved music and the radio. I remember leaping up onto my kitchen counter and perching there, anxiously listening to who would be crowned Number One that week on the Top 40. Or I would be in my cool, newly-furnished bedroom listening to the most-requested five-song countdown on Monday and Wednesday evenings at 8pm. For this assignment, I had emailed local rock and alternative radio station WRRV, explaining my situation and asking if there was a DJ interested in having a 30 minute interview with me. The next day, Simon emailed me back saying he’d like to take me up on that offer. I was to drive up to WRRV and we would conduct the interview in the station in two weeks time. I remember that on the night before the interview I was driving home from Pace, and I was able to clearly receive WRRV (unusual, as the station is normally out-of-range at that location)—and I heard Simon on the radio. How exciting it was, to know that I would be talking to him the very next day! So there I was, thundering (or carefully maneuvering) my way up Route 9. After a quick stop at the local police station to re-orient myself (as I missed a left turn), I pulled into the small parking lot of the small, two-story, stucco-and-shingled building with an enormous satellite dish on it. I double-checked my questions, made sure my recorder was working, and headed in. I sat in the small waiting area as the secretary went to fetch Simon. Palms sweaty, I rubbed them on my jeans to calm myself and let out a little nervous energy. â€Å"Melissa? I’m Simon. Nice to meet you.† A hand stretched out before me, and I rose to shake it. Simon, The Voice From The Radio, was a normal guy! He was taller than me, of medium build, had short, cropped hair, and a welcoming smile.

Marx, Weber and Durkheim have significantly advanced our understanding of industrial capitalist societies

For hundreds of years people have tried to find ways to understand the changes in our society. How have we evolved from a hunting and gathering society about 12,000 years ago, when humans lived totally without technology, searching continuously for food, to today's fast-moving society, where we have modern technology at out fingertips? This paper will argue that three of sociology's founders, Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emilie Durkheim help us understand how and why society changes. These three social thinkers, who all lived in the 19th Century and thus were witness to the greatest change in society, the industrial revolution, have all studied societies in different ways and have come up with their own theories for social change. This paper will help us answer questions, which are puzzling us in today's modern world. Why is there such a large and ever-increasing divide between the rich and the poor? Why, when globalisation has enabled access to modern technology and information worldwide, are some countries still not embracing modern technology, e. g. omputers, fax, e-mail, at the same level that Europe and USA are? Is material wealth a guarantee to happiness in today's society and why are traditional family values declining in modern society? With the help of Marx, Weber and Durkheim's theories we will try to answer these questions and understand today's society. Karl Marx (1818-1883) interpreted modern society as a largely capitalist society, where profit is made for capitalists or bourgeoisie, who have means of production (factories, land, money), by exploitation of manual labour from the working class or proletariat. Marx maintained that economic production underlies and shapes the entire society. He called technological and social process of economic production the infrastructure on which all additional social elements like religion, education, family, ideas and values are built to form the superstructure. In other words, he would explain that people's values, ambitions and ideas are related directly to their economic position, i. e. their function in capitalist society. Marx found that â€Å"conflict between economic groups is the major engine of change† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 9). â€Å"Marx's analysis centers on destructive aspects of industrial capitalism, especially the ways in which it promotes class conflict and alienation† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 79). â€Å"Alienation is the experience of isolation resulting from powerlessness† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 80). Marx's theories are relevant in today's world when we consider the problem of class division. There is an increa sing gap between unskilled working class people (e. g. factory workers, labourers) and middle/upper class people (company directors, land/property owners). Marx's â€Å"struggle between classes† is very evident today, where working class people who want to better themselves and move out of their lower social class, find it difficult to do so. They may not be given the same opportunities as people who, for example, live in richer, more developed areas, with better facilities, i. e. education, training, employment etc. Marx's theory on class division is also evident when we consider crime. There seem to be different social rules applied to class. We are familiar with the term â€Å"white collar crime† and the fact that this often carries lesser punishment than crime carried out by lower classes. Marx's theory on alienation can help us understand why people who are ambitious and strive to be successful and therefore work long hours are feeling alienated from society. Workers are told what work they should do, have often no real input on the outcome of the product, often work alone and by doing repetitive work, are alienated from their own human potential. This problem is being addressed by establishing company unions and work societies who represent workers interests and combat alienation, but the industrial capitalist societies as Marx saw them are still evident in many parts of the world today. Where Marx studied social change from a capitalist angle, Max Weber (1864-1920) considered human ideas, beliefs and values to be the cause of social change. For him, people's ideas have transforming power. He found that modern society is a product of people's way of thinking as opposed to Marx's views that modern technology and capitalism brought about change. Weber argued that pre-industrial societies' views are mainly traditional, i. e. â€Å"sentiments and beliefs passed from generation to generation† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 1), whereas people in modern societies act rationally, â€Å"deliberate matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient means to accomplish a particular goal† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 82). He viewed the industrial revolution as a rationalisation of society. â€Å"People tried to replace tradition with reason and law as the basis for societal organisation† (Tovey & Share, p. 14). Weber argued that the main form of rationalisation was bureaucracy as a way to control larger organisations. He also found that industrial capitalism was based on Calvinism, where it is pre-destined, God's will, that some people will do well in this world and that they are given the opportunity to enjoy the materialist, monetary wealth this brings. Like Marx, Weber believed that a problem of industrial capitalism is widespread alienation. But in his view, this was due to disenchantment with the world rather than oppression and false consciousness, i. e. that â€Å"social problems are grounded in the shortcomings of individuals rather than the flaws of society† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 78). We can see Weber's theory that rationality wears away traditional ties of kinship when we look at today's modern societies. There is evidence that family values are decreasing with long working hours and with, in a lot of modern families, both parents being career-orientated. Modern technology has also affected traditional family values. The introduction of TV, stereos, computers, telephones, have all decreased the time we spend in direct personal contact with family members and friends. It can be argued that modern technology has enabled us to carry out tasks quicker and save time, but that extra time is seldom ever spent with family. Rationalising society has given rise to alienation. We are classed as numbers and cases, rather than individuals. Loss of identity is often the result when we consider large-scale organisations, which, as Weber found, may work very well and efficient in their bureaucratic way, but at the cost of our own individuality. This may be the reason why so many countries do not see modern societies, e. g. Europe and USA as advanced and are therefore not willing to embrace modern technology with all its' problems like alienation. Emilie Durkheim (1858-1917) viewed society as a structure of social facts. Society has a life of its' own and can shape our thoughts, ideas and actions. Durkheim argued that society makes us who we are. He saw social change due to division of labour. Like Weber, Durkheim argued that in pre-industrial societies, strong tradition was the main societal influence. He added that this tradition bound people together and termed this â€Å"collective conscience†. From this he concluded that people of the same social beliefs are part of â€Å"mechanical solidarity† i. e. social bonds, based on shared morality, that unite members of pre-industrial societies† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 89). He saw that with the advancement of modernity, this mechanical solidarity was increasingly replaced by â€Å"organic solidarity† i. e. â€Å"social bonds, based on specialisation, that unite members of industrial societies† (Macionis & Plummer, p. 89). Therefore, this solidarity is based on differences as opposed to likeness. As jobs became more specialised to promote efficiency, we have to rely on others, mainly strangers, to ensure the successful completion of tasks. This may create a lack of morality, due to the increased freedom people of modern society have. They are no longer held together by strict traditional moral social regulations. Another term which Durkheim coined is â€Å"anomie†, which is â€Å"a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals† (Macionis & Plummer). Fewer restrictions are imposed on people in modern societies and whereas Durkheim acknowledges the advantages of modern freedom, he warned of the negative effect of anomie. Anomie can be seen in modern society when we look at why some famous, successful, rich people are unhappy, have mental breakdowns and sometimes even commit suicide. Durkheim's study of suicide is very relevant today, as he found that people with little attachment to society (anomie) or over attachment to society are more likely to commit suicide than others. Durkheim saw the decreasing importance on morality as a result of modernisation and we can see its' effect in today's world, e. g. increase in crime and deviance. This paper has now considered three different theories, which can explain and help us understand industrial capitalist societies and have looked at how these theories are relevant in today's world. We have argued that the advancement of technology, which is at the heart of our modern world, is not necessarily good for our society. It has brought its' own problems, like do we enjoy our high standards of living at the expense of others? Inequality will remain a huge problem. Marx has seen class division to be a major negative result of modernisation. Weber's view that modern society is wearing away traditional ties and the loss of individualism is evident in today's contemporary world, when we consider social problems like crime, decreasing family values, family structure breakdown etc. Durkheim's theory is that modernity has decreased close moral ties and has led to increased isolation and anomie. There is no question that modern technology has benefited societies in many ways, but the price we have to pay for this technological advancement may be the loss of human community, moral values and beliefs.

Advertising Light Beer Essay

Our group decided to focus on light beer that is targeted to mainly college students. Since our clients are college students, we wanted to relate to their preferences of mainly inexpensive beer. We agreed to focus on competitors such as Bud Light, Miller Lite, and Coors Light, who all target mainly college students. According to an online article â€Å"Social Media Overview of Coors light, Bud Light, and Dogfish Head Brewery† Coors Light beer is one of the most popular beer brands in North America. Coors Light’s target demographic appears to be college students. After researching Coors Light’s social media we have learned that they do not update their Twitter page on a regular basis. In fact, their first â€Å"tweet† on Twitter was back in October 2009 that wrote, â€Å"Coors light BC is now on Twitter! This is your home base for the most up to date Coors Light Information, check here for event info and more.† Also, the only official Coors Light Twi tter account is named @CoorsLightBC, created from British Columbia and Canada. The article explains that since the creation of the Coors Light account, the company has only achieved a few over four hundred followers, and only having forty nine tweets. When searching, Coors Light on Facebook, the Canadian website appears, which only has a little over one hundred â€Å"likes† and only posted one picture that did not have an explanation beneath it describing the picture. Coors Light makes it difficult for its company to build brand awareness and drive customer engagement, which social media is greatly used to do. Coors Light’s Facebook page is bare and not informative. Since Coors Light targets their beer towards mainly college students, which most college students have Facebook pages, we feel that this puts Coors Light at a disadvantage. Since they are not updating statuses on Facebook or interacting with Facebook friends, they are not building brand awareness or driving customer engagement through this medium. Bud Light is the â€Å"number one selling beer† in the United States, according to an online article from Social Media Overview. Before researching, our group thought that Bud Light and Coors would be heavily involved with social media. However, we were surprised to see that the two large industries do not rely on social media. Bud Light does not have a Twitter account, however Budweiser does. Although Bud Light does not rely on Twitter to promote its beer, Bud Light is active on Facebook. Our group likes the updated format and timeline that Bud Light’s Facebook page has to offer. The pictures are appealing and they have over thousands of â€Å"likes.† The official website offers a place where you can watch the video ads for Bud Light, which was a good thing to include in the site. It also states at the top of the page that it is the official sponsor of the NFL. In addition, Bud Light Platinum has its own page, which it gives descriptions and other interesting information. For example, Bud Light’s well developed page offers Facebook friends chances to win contests along with other promotions. Our group enjoyed reading status updates on Bud Light’s page that tries to engage conversation with Facebook friends. In addition to Bud Light using Facebook frequently, Miller Lite plays an active role using Facebook to communicate with customers. Miller Lite uses its Facebook page to advertise its products, celebrity endorsements, videos, along with contests also. Miller’s Facebook page is easily accessed through visiting Miller Lite’s home website page. When looking for Miller Lite on Twitter, Miller Lite MX and Miller Lite Panama are the first two to appear, which both are in mostly Spanish. However, both Miller Lite Twitter accounts have over one thousand followers, and tweet consistently on a daily basis. We found it confusing trying to find Miller Lite’s U.S. Twitter page, since the other two accounts were in Spanish we did not find Twitter to be very useful to learn about Miller Lite. The Miller Lite website uses celebrity endorsements such as NASCAR driver Brad Keselowski and there is a button to follow Brad on Twitter. There is also a Miller Lite shop where you can purchase hats, t-shirts, etc online. We liked how they had a place on the website where you can find stores that sell Miller Lite near you and locate them. There was also a video blog with the Miller Lite commercials. Our group has learned that many popular and profitable companies do not frequently update their Facebook or Twitter page. However, being involved with social media can benefit companies greatly by giving them the opportunities to build brand awareness and drive customer engagement Works Cited http://patperdue.com/social-media-overview-of-coors-light-budlight-and-dogfish-head-brewery/ http://www.facebook.com/#!/miller.lite3 http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/BUD-Light-Platinum/270969619613664 http://millerlite.com/ http://www.budlight.com/age_gate.php http://www.coorslight.com/AgeGate/

A Quiz About Combining Sentences

A Quiz About Combining Sentences A Quiz About Combining Sentences A Quiz About Combining Sentences By Mark Nichol One of the most useful techniques for tightening flabby prose is to concentrate more information into fewer words. This can be done with parenthesis and subordination. The result is that two or more sentences are combined into a single statement. Let’s try that again: One of the most useful techniques for tightening flabby prose is to concentrate more information, through parenthesis and subordination, into fewer words, with the result that two or more sentences are combined into a single statement. The outcome is a more complex construction and one that is not necessarily much more concise but one that is still digestible and creates a richer reading experience by collecting flat, simplified, isolated components of thought into an integrated whole. Not every multisentence passage merits combination, of course (and I admit that I favor longer sentences than some might find suitable), but vigilant effort to reduce verbiage has merit. Try this sentence surgery yourself with the following examples, and compare your results with my solutions: 1. â€Å"The Democratic presidential candidates had all been doing lousy imitations of Dean’s Bush-bashing road show. They noticed that his spiel was playing so well with the lefties in the North.† The second sentence folds easily into a parenthetical phrase placed within the first sentence; just omit the pronoun and change the verb form: â€Å"The Democratic presidential candidates, noticing that Dean’s spiel was playing so well with the lefties in the North, had all been doing lousy imitations of his Bush-bashing road show.† 2. â€Å"Christian leaders were used to spending a lot of time worrying about the faith of the unchurched. They were stunned to learn that the kids who showed up every week in the pews the churched didn’t know much more than those who didn’t.† The solution here is nearly identical to that in the first example, differing only in form; omit the first of the two repetitions of the verb were and delete the second sentence’s subject, but leave the form of stunned intact: â€Å"Christian leaders used to spending a lot of time worrying about the faith of the unchurched were stunned to learn that the kids who showed up every week in the pews the churched didn’t know much more than those who didn’t. 3. â€Å"The document addressed many issues that had been circulating in the government and industry sectors for the past several years. These issues were economic, military, and social in nature.† Here, the word count can be even further reduced by incorporating the second sentence in to the first one after deleting the verbose â€Å"issues . . . in nature† construction; relocate the subject so that it follows the series of adjectives: â€Å"The document addressed many economic, military, and social issues that had been circulating in the government and industry sectors for the past several years.† 4. â€Å"The group meets once a week. During each meeting, students participate in a mini-lesson that explains specific conventions or spelling patterns.† The first sentence has only one essential word in it: week. Slip its adjectival form into the second sentence before meeting and discard the rest, though you could, for more clarity, insert â€Å"in the group† after students: â€Å"During each weekly meeting, students [in the group] participate in a mini-lesson that explains specific conventions or spelling patterns.† 5. â€Å"The series has featured writings by a variety of French thinkers. It culminated in the publication of a two-part meditation by Jean d’Ormesson. This man was a well-known literary figure and member of the academy.† As I demonstrated in my introduction to this post, three sentences, not just two, can be reconstructed into one; in this case, convert all but the subject of the first sentence into a parenthetical for the second one, replace that sentence’s subject with the preceding one’s, and attach the third sentence to the second sentence as a subordinate clause: â€Å"The series, which has featured writings by a variety of French thinkers, culminated in the publication of a two-part meditation by Jean d’Ormesson, a well-known literary figure and member of the academy.† Voil! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?One Fell SwoopEmpathic or Empathetic?

Sex Ratio by Geography

Sex Ratio by Geography Sex ratio is the demographic concept that measures the proportion of males to females in a given population. It is usually measured as the number of males per 100 females. The ratio is expressed as in the form of 105:100, where in this example there would be 105 males for every 100 females in a population. Sex Ratio at Birth The average natural sex ratio for humans from birth is approximately 105:100. Scientists are not sure why there are 105 males born for every 100 females around the world. Some suggestions for this discrepancy are given as: It is possible that over time, nature has compensated for males lost in war and other dangerous activities to better balance the sexes. A more sexually active gender is more likely to produce offspring of their own gender. Thus, in a polygamous society (polygamy where one man has multiple wives), he is likely to have a greater proportion of offspring that are male. It is possible that female infants are under-reported and not registered with the government as often as male babies. Scientists also say that a woman with a slightly over average amount of testosterone is more likely to conceive a male. Female infanticide or the abandonment, neglect, or malnutrition of female infants in cultures where males are favored may occur. Today, sex-selective abortions are unfortunately common in countries like India and China. The introduction of ultrasound machines throughout China in the 1990s led to a sex ratio of up to 120:100 at birth due to familial and cultural pressure to have ones only child as a male. Shortly after these facts became known, it became illegal for expectant couples to know the gender of their fetus. Now, the sex ratio at birth in China has been reduced to 111:100. The worlds current sex ratio is somewhat on the high side – 107:100. Extreme Sex Ratios The countries that have the highest proportion of males to females are... Armenia – 115:100Azerbaijan – 114:100Georgia – 113:100India – 112:100China – 111:100Albania – 110:100 The United Kingdom and United States have a sex ratio of 105:100 while Canada has a sex ratio of 106:100. The countries with the lowest proportion of males to females are... Grenada and Liechtenstein – 100:100Malawi and Barbados – 101:100 Adult Sex Ratio The sex ratio among adults (ages 15-64) can be highly variable and is based on migration and death rates (especially due to war). Into late adulthood and old age, the sex ratio is often highly skewed toward females. Some countries with very high proportions of males to females include... United Arab Emirates – 274:100Qatar – 218:100Kuwait – 178:100Oman – 140:100Bahrain – 136:100Saudi Arabia – 130:100 These oil-rich countries import many men to work and thus the ratio of males to females is highly disproportionate. On the other hand, quite a few countries have far more females than males... Chad - 84:100Armenia – 88:100El Salvador, Estonia, and Macau – 91:100Lebanon – 92:100 Senior Sex Ratios In later life, the life expectancy of men tends to be shorter than women and thus men die earlier in life. Thus, many countries have a very high proportion of women to men in the over age 65 range... Russia – 45:100Seychelles – 46:100Belarus – 48:100Latvia – 49:100 On the other extreme, Qatar has a 65 sex ratio of 292 men to 100 women. That is the most extreme sex ratio currently experienced. There are nearly three old men for every old woman. Maybe countries should begin to trade an over-abundance of elderly of one gender?

Salt Flats Formation, Activity, and Examples

Salt Flats Formation, Activity, and Examples Salt flats, also called salt pans, are large and flat areas of land that were once lake beds. Salt flats are covered with salt and other minerals and they oftentimes look white because of the salt presence. These areas of land generally form in deserts and other arid places where large bodies of water have dried up over thousands of years and the salt and other minerals are the remnants. There are salt flats found around the world but some of the largest examples include the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, the Bonneville Salt Flats in the state of Utah and those found in California’s Death Valley National Park.   Formation of Salt Flats   According to the United States’ National Park Service, there are three basic things that are needed for salt flats to form. These are a source of salts, an enclosed drainage basin so the salts do not wash out and an arid climate where evaporation is greater than precipitation so the salts can get left behind when the water dries up (National Park Service).   An arid climate is the most important component of salt flat formation. In arid places, rivers with large, meandering stream networks are rare because of a lack of water. As a result, many lakes, if they exist at all, do not have natural outlets such as streams. Enclosed drainage basins are important because they hinder the formation of water outlets. In the western United States, for instance, there is the basin and range region in the states of Nevada and Utah. The topography of these basins consist of deep, flat bowls where the drainage is enclosed because water draining out of the region cannot climb up the mountain ranges surrounding the basins (Alden). Finally, the arid climate comes into play because evaporation must exceed precipitation in the water in the basins for the salt flats to eventually form. In addition to enclosed drainage basins and arid climates, there must also be an actual presence of salt and other minerals in the lakes for salt flats to form. All water bodies contain a variety of dissolved minerals and as lakes dry up through thousands of years of evaporation the minerals become solids and are dropped where the lakes once were. Calcite and gypsum are among some of the minerals found in water but salts, mostly halite, are found in large concentrations in some bodies of water (Alden). It is in places where halite and other salts are found in abundance that salt flats eventually form.   Salt Flat Examples   Salar de Uyuni Large salt flats are found around the world in places such as the United States, South America, and Africa. The largest salt flat in the world is the Salar de Uyuni, located in the Potosi and Oruro, Bolivia. It covers 4,086 square miles (10,852 sq km) and is located at an elevation of 11,995 feet (3,656 m). The Salar de Uyuni is a part of the Altiplano plateau that formed as the Andes Mountains were uplifted. The plateau is home to many lakes and the salt flats formed after several prehistoric lakes evaporated over thousands of years. Scientists believe that the area was an extremely large lake called Lake Minchin around 30,000 to 42,000 years ago (Wikipedia.org). As Lake Minchin began to dry up due to a lack of precipitation and no outlet (the region is surrounded by the Andes Mountains) it became a series of smaller lakes and dry areas. Eventually, the Poopà ³ and Uru Uru lakes and the Salar de Uyuni and Salar de Coipasa salt flats were all that remained. The Salar de Uyuni is significant not only because of its very large size but also because it is a large breeding ground for pink flamingoes, it serves as a transportation route across the Altiplano and it is a rich area for the mining of valuable minerals such as sodium, potassium, lithium and magnesium.   Bonneville Salt Flats   The Bonneville Salt Flats are located in the U.S. state of Utah between the border with Nevada and the Great Salt Lake. They cover about 45 square miles (116.5 sq km) and are managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern and a Special Recreation Management Area (Bureau of Land Management). They are part of the United States’ Basin and Range system.   The Bonneville Salt Flats are a remnant of the very large Lake Bonneville that existed in the area about 17,000 years ago. At its peak, the lake was 1,000 feet (304 m) deep. According to the Bureau of Land Management, evidence for the lake’s depth can be seen on the surrounding Silver Island Mountains. The salt flats began to form as precipitation decreased with a changing climate and the water in Lake Bonneville began to evaporate and recede. As the water evaporated, minerals such as potash and halite were deposited on the remaining soils. Eventually, these minerals built up and were compacted to form a hard, flat, and salty surface. Today the Bonneville Salt Flats are about 5 feet (1.5 m) thick at their center and just are just a few inches thick at the edges. The Bonneville Salt Flats are about 90% salt and consists of about 147 million tons of salt (Bureau of Land Management).   Death Valley The Badwater Basin salt flats located in California’s Death Valley National Park cover about 200 square miles (518 sq km). It is believed that the salt flats are the remnants of the ancient Lake Manly that filled Death Valley about 10,000 to 11,000 years ago as well as more active weather processes today. The main sources of Badwater Basin’s salt are what was evaporated from that lake but also from Death Valley’s nearly 9,000-square mile (23,310 sq km) drainage system that extends to the peaks surrounding the basin (National Park Service). During the wet season precipitation falls on these mountains and then runs off into the very low elevation Death Valley (Badwater Basin is, in fact, the lowest point in North America at -282 feet (-86 m)). In wet years, temporary lakes form and during the very hot, dry summers this water evaporates and minerals such as sodium chloride are left behind. After thousands of years, a salt crust has formed, creating salt flats.   Activities on Salt Flats   Because of the large presence of salts and other minerals, salt flats are often places that are mined for their resources. In addition, there are many other human activities and development that have taken place on them because of their very large, flat nature. The Bonneville Salt Flats, for example, are home to land speed records, while the Salar de Uyuni is an ideal place for calibrating satellites. Their flat nature also makes them good travel routes and Interstate 80 runs through a portion of the Bonneville Salt Flats.

Research Paper on Audition by Barbara Walters Memoir

On Audition by Barbara Walters Memoir - Research Paper Example In Audition, she tells her own story from the beginning in terms of how her parents got together, her life as a child and the feelings she had as a young woman that had minimum guidance and support to rely on. Walters provides a glimpse of her initial days in the broadcasting industry about the manner in which she coped with a media environment that was not characterized with interviews and TV specials. During this initial phase, she was struggling with the pressures of family and home as her career blossomed with NBC (Walters, 2008). It is interesting to note that what was as yet unknown about Walters is revealed in the book by way of her professional tussles with colleagues, which almost made her to quit the profession before she could get a foothold in the industry. This paper examines the determination that Barbara Walters displayed in her work and personal life and how she was able to make it big as a woman in the broadcasting sector that was primarily male dominated. Main Body Barbara Walters initially struggled as a student of literature and grappled as a content writer in a PR agency where she was prepared for her time ahead through the tough training she underwent under William Safire, who was President Nixon’s speech writer and political and language commentator for the New York Times. She went on to become a TV producer, co host and the undeniable queen of TV talk shows. Barbara Walters has done everything in having broken the known gender biases and glass ceiling in the broadcasting industry through her perseverance, finely cultivated social abilities and sharp skills of breaching the on air reporting environment. For her, every day was an audition. In her entire memoir, Walters has been very honest and candid in revealing her personal life and her personal struggles to attain happiness. Despite the fact that her father was a very successful show man during the period, her family had to go through a great deal of financial impediments. It is delightful knowing how Barbara Walters gradually made her way into the NBC network, made money and supported her family in all possible ways. There were instances when Walters was required to save her family from legal, emotional and financial destruction. After she found that her father had not paid a massive tax demand she used her connections to save her father from being sent to jail. Walters shares her feelings in stating that she was not specifically proud of this achievement but was glad to save her father. Her memoir provides a glimpse into her childhood that had a very strong influence on her decision making ability as an adult. In view of her father’s turbulent past she was not inclined to get involved romantically with any man in show business. Walters also had the inclination to make rushed decisions about her personal life but they did not prove successful in the long term. It was this very pattern in her behavior that made her to adopt revolutionary styles of in terviewing, which made her to become the lead female broadcaster of the century. The reader also realizes that despite Walter’s immense success as a broadcaster she had inherent personal problems and insecurity just as normal human beings have. It is impressive to note that she admitted her shortcomings very candidly and provided readers to have a glimpse of the legendry woman that she continues to be. It would have been very simple for an individual writing his or her own memoir

Villa Building and Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Villa Building and Construction - Essay Example The bungalow will be of plinth area of 6800 sq ft, accommodating 4 bedrooms, two in the ground floor of 21.5 ft x 23 ft and 19.5 ft x 20 ft dimensions and two in the first floor of 21 ft x 23 ft and 19.5 x 20 ft dimensions, all with bath, closets attached, Great Room - Living, Dining and Kitchen of 30 ft x 40 ft , with two stone fire places, cherry cabinets and big screen HDTV,two wet bars with sit outs annexed, and a basement area with provision for physical work out and indoor games. Project scope defines what the project is going to accomplish as related to its budget. Budget includes time and money. It covers project size, goals, and requirements. Should there arise a change in the scope, corresponding change in the budget becomes inevitable. For example, if the project scope is to construct the servant's quarters with a budget of $ 50,000, then the project manager is expected to do that. Just in case, the project manager is asked to change the specifications of the quarters, say, adding another room in the servant's quarters, then the project scope gets changed. The budget is also to be changed correspondingly. From these quotes, one can understand that Quality in any situation is meeting the user's expectation. ... In our project the following can be classified as cycled activities: 1. Think tank meetings, involving reviews and revisions 2. Building construction work, at different stages. 1.04 Typical non-cycled activities Typical non cycled activities in our project are 1. Buying of land for construction of villa 2. Buying of furnishings at the final stage. Complete the following questions: 1.05 Describe the following broad project objectives: Scope. Project scope defines what the project is going to accomplish as related to its budget. Budget includes time and money. It covers project size, goals, and requirements. Should there arise a change in the scope, corresponding change in the budget becomes inevitable. For example, if the project scope is to construct the servant's quarters with a budget of $ 50,000, then the project manager is expected to do that. Just in case, the project manager is asked to change the specifications of the quarters, say, adding another room in the servant's quarters, then the project scope gets changed. The budget is also to be changed correspondingly. Scope of this project is to build a Villa of 6800 sq ft plinth area, on a budgeted cost of $ 3,000,000 to be completed in 17 months. Quality "Quality is fitness for use" - J.M. Juran "Quality is meeting or exceeding customer expectations at a cost that represents a value to them." - H. James Harrington "Quality should be defined as surpassing customer needs and expectations throughout the life of the product." - Howard Gitlow and Shelley Gitlow [Neville Turbit, (Sept 2004) 08-03-2009()] From these quotes, one can understand that Quality in any situation is meeting the user's expectation. If one

How to run a Web Server at Home Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How to run a Web Server at Home - Assignment Example How to run a Web Server at Home For me I will select â€Å"Server with GUI† Because it has a graphical user interface. It’s easier if you are not familiar with Linux. Otherwise, go a ahead and select â€Å"Basic Web Server.† If you are finish click â€Å"done†. Then, Power on the â€Å"Ethernet.† Done If you want you can setup the time, location, and language preference. From â€Å"Localization† Now, we should be done and ready to install our Centos Operating System as a server. Make sure you set a password for your root. In addition, do not forget to create a user. We are going to wait until it is done. Then we will reboot our virtual machine. After rebooting the system, you will have to accept Licensee information. Then, Finish. Click on Not listed to login as a root. Therefore, we can have access to anything on the system. Type in your username: root Moreover, the password you closed during setup. IP address is very important here. The IP address that is given from your internet provider is your identifier on the web. Therefore, if your IP address is always the same then you do not need to worry about anything. However, if your IP address always changing then you need to setup software that informs the domain that your address has changed. Google it and you should be fine. Version 10.0 of VM Workstation does not recognize Centos OS 7. Therefore, we need to inform VM, we have Linux and it has 3.x kernel. Not doing this Centos OS 7 will not have access to the internet.

African and american politics of social change Essay - 1

African and american politics of social change - Essay Example Before the era of the civil rights movement, there was no existing political or social movement in America with profound effects on the political and legal institution (Wendy, 2008). The civil right movement sought to restore the missing and the violated rights of the black people living in America as guaranteed by the fourteenth and fifteens amendment. The movement altered the relation between the state and the federal government; this is because many of the times the federal government was forced to enforce laws protecting the black people in America. The civil right movement resulted to the reemergence of the judiciary in America; this included the Supreme Court whose role was to protect the individual liberties against the majority power. Even with the incredible progress from this movement, the existing racialism and inequity between the black and the white proved difficult to eliminate. With the progress, the blacks still faced lower wages, racial discrimination, and their neighborhoods still had higher crime rates. For the younger black the movement was too mainstream to generate the intended social changes, they wanted something that could give blacks th e same opportunities as the whites both economically and socially. They felt that the movement comprised more of the white perceptions than the black perception. The head for the civil rights movement was reverend martin Luther king; he was also the head of the "southern Christian leadership conference." (Wendy, 2008) The black power movement, on the other hand, rose mainly after the civil rights movement gained momentum, this in the early 960s going on. The movement marked the turning point for the differing relationships between the blacks and the whites in the United States of America. The movement had some proactive and positive force which aimed at helping

The impact of London congestion charge,an economic view Literature review

The impact of London congestion charge,an economic view - Literature review Example However, despite this, the actual implementation and running costs of the congestion charge have been suggestibly much higher than the benefit (Evans, 2007). Figures from TfL suggest that the revenue:cost ratio is extremely high (Leape, 2006). For example, upkeep of the monitoring systems requires technical experts which cost a lot to employ. The video cameras used as part of the system are also extremely costly and require maintenance and protection from vandalism (Leape, 206). Secondly, there is a lot of bureaucracy involved in chasing up congestion charge dodgers and others who falsely abuse the exemption system. Finally, there are other effects that can be judged by approaching the congestion charge economically, such as the effect on jobs and economic activity within the 22km2 zone (Leape, 2006). It is interesting to look at the effects that the congestion charge has had on retail within the zone. One paper (Quddus, Camel & Bell, 2007) looked at a John Lewis department store wit hin the zone, on Oxford Street. The data looked at four years between 2001 and 2004, which included three years of pre-congestion data and one year post-congestion data. It was decided to stop collecting sales data after this point as the opening hours changed, which is a good way of avoiding bias in this type of economic study. However, there may still be bias present from only evaluating one year of congestion charge sales data, as three years of pre-congestion charge data was examined giving a broader picture of the economic scope of the store. Despite this, the study produced some interesting results. After controlling for Gross Value Added (GVA) specific to London and...This paper offers a thorough analysis of the all-round impacts of the imposition of congestion charge in London. Not only economic, but also social and environmental impact is considered. The paper attempt to provide how the congestion charge assist in improving environment. It also evaluates the impact on unemp loyment changes facilitated by charging. One of the main aspects of transportation in London that was intended to be improved by the congestion charge was the economics. There is evidence that there has been a positive economic effect seen by introducing the charge, with an estimated 90% of pre-charge congestion costs being eliminated by profits. However, despite this, the actual implementation and running costs of the congestion charge have been suggestibly much higher than the benefit. In terms of the environment, there were significant reductions in traffic flows within the congestion zone area between 2003 and 2006. There are many different approaches to the congestion charge and how it has had an effect on London from an economic standpoint. These have all given various different results within the literature, although these are partly dependent on the methodologies used and the time periods examined. One of the main issues that can come from assessing a project like the congestion charge is that it will be evaluated in the short-term, and there may be additional costs or benefits to be seen within the medium- or long-term which cannot be assessed by current results.

African and american politics of social change Essay - 1

African and american politics of social change - Essay Example Before the era of the civil rights movement, there was no existing political or social movement in America with profound effects on the political and legal institution (Wendy, 2008). The civil right movement sought to restore the missing and the violated rights of the black people living in America as guaranteed by the fourteenth and fifteens amendment. The movement altered the relation between the state and the federal government; this is because many of the times the federal government was forced to enforce laws protecting the black people in America. The civil right movement resulted to the reemergence of the judiciary in America; this included the Supreme Court whose role was to protect the individual liberties against the majority power. Even with the incredible progress from this movement, the existing racialism and inequity between the black and the white proved difficult to eliminate. With the progress, the blacks still faced lower wages, racial discrimination, and their neighborhoods still had higher crime rates. For the younger black the movement was too mainstream to generate the intended social changes, they wanted something that could give blacks th e same opportunities as the whites both economically and socially. They felt that the movement comprised more of the white perceptions than the black perception. The head for the civil rights movement was reverend martin Luther king; he was also the head of the "southern Christian leadership conference." (Wendy, 2008) The black power movement, on the other hand, rose mainly after the civil rights movement gained momentum, this in the early 960s going on. The movement marked the turning point for the differing relationships between the blacks and the whites in the United States of America. The movement had some proactive and positive force which aimed at helping

History of selfie & self portrait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of selfie & self portrait - Essay Example In photography history, the ancient and initial portrait of Robert Cornelius taken in 1839 outside his store remains as the first selfie ever photographed. Robert Cornelius portrait taken in Philadelphia remained indispensable in modern studies and development of selfie3. Robert processed his selfies using chemical knowledge and photography techniques. As a renowned photographer and chemist, Robert made his selfie by placing film removed from the lens cap on camera. Robert then waited for a minute before the camera before processing his final picture using chemicals. Robert’s photo remained as the first ever selfie in history. It is imperative to understand that making ancient selfie involved tedious and time-consuming procedures compared to contemporary technology that takes photos at a glance Remarkably, era of selfie developed proportionately with advancements in photography technology and introduction of modern applications. It is imperative that introduction of portable Kodak camera in the market spurred revolution in selfie and international spread of photography. Portable Kodak camera box technology, introduced in 1900 also promoted photographic self-portraiture. It is interesting that portable Kodak camera box technology that hugely spurred selfie development involved use of a mirror and a stabilized camera on tripod stand. In enabling production of clear and admirable selfie, photographers framed viewfinder of the camera on box top. It is imperious that in 1914, Russian Grand Duchess teenage called Anastacia Nikolaevna became the first person to use Kodak Camera box in taking selfie. It is vital that technological advancements in social media spurred development and emergence of modern selfies. Selfie usage first appeared on Flickr in 2004 and later advanced when Myspace established programs for sharing photos within social platforms in 2006. In

Transcendentalism and Emerson Essay Example for Free

Transcendentalism and Emerson Essay * 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant * Refers to idea that in determining the ultimate reality of God, the universe, the self, one must transcend or go beyond everyday human experience * Intuition The Transcendental Club * Informal meetings that began in 1836 Concord, Massachusetts. In the home of George Ripley * Discussed theology, philosophy, and literature * Called themselves the Symposium or Hedge * What The Hedge Club Did * Sponsored two major activities * 1 Quarterly called The Dial * Edited by Margaret Fuller. * Also edited by Emerson * Subscription list was very small at the start and diminished until no longer in publication * 2 Brook Farm * Established in 1841 as a utopian community * Failed because a fire destroyed the main building and the thinkers weren’t always willing farmers Romanticism and Transcendentalism * Romanticism * 1. Importance of intuition * 2. Anti-authoritarianism – including a healthy contempt for the past * 3. Love of nature * Interest in social reform * National Literature * Transcendentalism * Heart of the romantic movement. * 1. Believed that an individual relationship with God was personal and was to be established by the individual and not the church * 2. Egalitarian – believing in the dignity of the common person and the common labor * 3. An epistemology – a different way of knowing; receiving higher truths Ralph Waldo Emerson What kind of writer was he? * Not a philosopher (too broad) or essayist (too limited) * He was a POET! A poet whose works were not always in verse * He said he was born a poet of a low class but he was, without doubt, a poet. * â€Å"His singing, he says, is in prose† But he is a perceiver and dear lover of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ~ R. W. Emerson Bio * Born in Boston in 1803 to a cultured, but a poor family * Came from a long line of ministers * After his father died of TB, His Aunt took control of the family (she was a Calvinist) – Mary Moody Emerson * Entered Harvard at age 14 – graduated * After Harvard took a job as a teacher * Then went to work for his uncle to prepare to be a minister * Became a minister at Boston’s Second Church. * Married his sweetheart Ellen Tucker but she also died of TB * Was devastated and he was having problems with his beliefs so he withdrew from being a minister * Returned to Concord, Massachusetts and married Lydia Jackson Themes, Beliefs, Techniques * Themes: Individuals’ souls were part of a greater entity which he called the â€Å"Over-Soul† * Beliefs: He thought religious truth was an â€Å"intuition† – a very personal relationship with God. Most people lose their sense of wonder and delight, as they grow older. * Techniques: Striking imagery that appeals to senses, aphorisms (express wise observations about life).

Osteoarthritis Diagnosis and Care Plan

Osteoarthritis Diagnosis and Care Plan Patient Initials:  JA  Unit/Room DOB:  8/17/1926 Code Status Height/Weight 6’1’’ / 126 lb Allergies:  No allergies Temp (C/F Site) Pulse (Site) Respiration Pulse Ox (O2 Sat) Blood Pressure Pain Scale 1-10 97*F 79 18 160/80 8 History of Present Illness including Admission Diagnosis and Relevant Physical Assessment Findings (normal abnormal) Relevant Diagnostic Procedures Surgeries /Results (include dates, if not found state so) The patient is suffering from general osteoarthritis, muscle weakness, abnormal of gal, spinal stenosis, chronic pain neck, benign hypertension, Alzheimer, dementia with behavior disturbance, depressive disorder NEC, and myopia. The main symptom of osteoarthritis is sharp pain, or a burning sensation in the associate muscles and tendons, causing stiffness and loss of ability. OA can cause a crackling noise or crepitus when the affected joint is moved, and the patient may experience muscle spasm and contractions in the tendons. Occasionally, the joints may also be filled with fluid. Humid and cold weather increases the pain in many patients. OA commonly affects the hands, feet, spine, and the large weight bearing joints, such as the hips and knees, although in theory, any joint in the body can be affected. As OA advances, the affected joints appear larger, are stiff and painful, and usually feel worse, the more they are used throughout the day, thus distinguishing it from rheumatoid arthritis. In smaller joints, such as at the fingers, hard bony enlargements may form, and though they are not necessarily painful, they limit the movement of the fingers significantly. OA at the toes leads to the formation of bunions, rendering them red or swollen. OA is the most common cause of joint effusion, an accumulation of excess fluid in or around the knee joint (Moskowitz, 2007). Breast surgery: Right Tonsillectomy Total abdominal hysterectomy Past Medical Surgical History, Pathophysiology of medical diagnoses (with APA citations) Pertinent Lab tests/ Results (with normal ranges) with dates and rationales The patient has a history of dementia, hypertension, alcohol abuse, UTI, insomnia, and urinary incontinence. Her cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. This condition frequently begins with memory loss or subtle impairments in other cognitive functions. These changes might initially manifest as simple forgetfulness or absentmindedness or as minor problems with language, judgment, or perception. As dementia progresses, memory loss and cognitive impairment extend in scope until the person can no longer remember basic social and survival skills or function independently. Language, spatial or temporal orientation, judgment, perception, and other cognitive capacities decline, and personality changes may occur (Bourgeois Hickey, 2011). She suffers from hypertension whose symptoms include: Blood in the urine Severe headache Vision problems Fatigue or confusion Chest pain Difficulty breathing Irregular heartbeat Pounding in the chest, neck, or ears (Izzo Black, 2003). Urinary tract infections (UTI) do not always cause signs and symptoms, but they can include: A strong, persistent urge to urinate A burning sensation when urinating Passing frequent, small amounts of urine Urine that appears cloudy Urine that appears red, or bright pink colored, which is a sign of blood in the urine Strong-smelling urine Pelvic pain in women (Kilmartin, 2002) Heart: Normal in size. Elevate of right diaphragm. Motion artifact involve left lung base which obscure distal. No pneumothorax. 1/31/15 Impression: no definite infiltrates or masses although motion artifact degrades the quality of the image especially left lung base. Follow up film as indicated. Elevate right diaphragm 1/27/15 Prealbumin 4 Regular diet 11/17/14 Glucose 79 BUN 22 Creatinine 0.74 RBC 4.82 Phosphate 97 hemoglobin 13.7 SGot 15 MCV 85.3 SGPT 0.5 MCH 28.5 Calcium 8.6 MCHC 33.4 Sodium 140 RDW 13.8 Potassium 3.9 platelet 216 Chloride 105 monocyte 7.9 Co2 28 lymph 28 Protein 5.7 eos 2.5 Albumin 3.5 baso 0.5 Morphology normal Globumin 2.2 A/G ratio 1.6 GFR value 83 CBC 7.7 WBC 4.82 7/21/14 Compressibility and patency through the deep venous system with augmentation noted. Right foot demonstrates no fracture or evidence of bony destruction. No definite neoplastic progress of right foot is demo Erikson’s Developmental Stage with Rationale (APA citations) Socioeconomic/Cultural/Spiritual Orientation Psychosocial Considerations The patient is over 80 years old. Therefore, she fits in the 8th Psychosocial Stage of Integrity vs. Despair. The patient is now a senior citizen. She tends to slow down on productivity, and explore life as a retired person. It is during this time that she contemplates her accomplishments and is able to develop integrity if she sees herself as leading a successful life. If she sees her life as unproductive, feel guilt about her past, or feel that she did not accomplish her life goals, she will become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom. Wisdom will enable her to look back on her life with a sense of closure and completeness, and also accept death without fear. (Shaffer, 2008) The patient lives with her son who takes care of her medical and financial needs. The patient has a decreased cognitive ability and is not able to safely take medication by herself. She experiences a high level of insomnia/sleep deprivation. She also suffers from depression exacerbated by a lack of self-efficacy. Potential Health Deviations, Predisposing Related Factors; Interventions to Assess or Prevent Potential Health Deviations â€Å"At Risk for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  nursing dx (AT LEAST TWO) Inter-professional Consults, Discharge Referrals, Current Orders (include diet, test, and treatments) with Rationale With APA citations Exercising. Exercise could increase her endurance and strengthen the muscles around her joints, making her joint more stable. She can try walking, but she should stop if she feels new joint pain. New pain that lasts for hours after she has exercised probably means she has overdone it, but does not mean she should stop exercising altogether. Using hydrotherapy, local heat and cold to manage pain: Both heat and cold can relieve pain in her joints. Heat also relieves stiffness, and cold can relieve muscle spasms and pain. Applying over-the-counter pain gels/creams. Creams and gels available at drugstores might offer temporary relief from osteoarthritis pain. Some creams numb the pain by generating a hot or cool sensation whereas other creams have medications, such as aspirin-like compounds, that get absorbed into the skin. Pain creams would work best on joints that are close to the surface of her skin, such as knees and fingers. Using assistive devices. Assistive devices could make it easier for her to go about her day without stressing the painful joints. A cane might take weight off her knees or hips as she walks. Weight management. Being overweight can increases the stress on her weight-bearing joints, such as her knees and hips. Therefore, the patient should maintain her weight to prevent putting pressure on her joints, which could increase her pain. 1/27/15HPN 4oz TID with meals for supplement 7/20/14 Regular diet 1/26/15 Ice cream at HS 9/16/14 4.1.1 benign hypertension. Amlodipine Besylate 2.5mg PO QD. Hold if BP 11/27/14 Colace 250 PO QD bowel management 7/20/14 Namenda 5mg PO BID 7/20-7/21/14 Donepezil 10mg PO QHS for Alzheimer. Tylenol 325mg 2tabs Q4H if temp >101 10/18/14-11/2/14- Mylanta 30cc PO QD PRN for indigestion 7/20/14 Effexor 37.5 mg PO QD: depressive, sadness 7/20/14 Monitor antidepressant drug side effects and episode of verbal of sadness. Assess QS for pain 0-10 4/6/15 Left and right inner buttock redness clean with NS, pat dry, Baza cream 7/31/14 RNA ambulation with FWW with QD 6x/week 10/4/14 Half left side rail up 1/31/14 CXR for cough and congestion 7/20/14 May get up on wheelchair as tolerated. Admitted to Parkview hospital for dx Dementia, depression, Alzheimer, hypertension. 11/25/14 Nursing to incorporate ROME during daily ADL care Psych drug: Effexor 37.5mg for depression and verbalization sadness. Outcome: Resident was admitted consent and order for use of med, will observe and monitor behavior 10/31/14 Resident had behavior episode during this quarter will continue to observe and monitor behavior episode. Nursing Diagnosis (at least 2) Planning (outcome/goal) Measurable goal during your shift (at least 1 per Nursing diagnosis) Prioritized Independent and collaborative nursing interventions; include further assessment, intervention and teaching (at least 4 per goal) Rationale (use APA citations) Evaluation Goal Met, Partially met, or not Met and Explanation 1. Severe pain associated with distention of tissue by the inflammatory process The pain showed reduced or controlled Looks relaxed, can rest, sleep and ability to participate in appropriate activities. Follow the treatment program. Using the skills of relaxation and entertainment activities in a pain control program. Assess pain and note the location and intensity of pain (scale 0-10). Write down the factors that accelerate and signs of non-verbal pain. Give hard mattress and small pillow. Elevate bed when a patient needs to rest or sleep. Help the patient take a comfortable position when sleeping or sitting in a chair. Depth of bed rest as indicated. Help patient to frequently change positions. Help the patient to a warm bath at the time of waking. Help the patient to a warm compress on the sore joints several times a day. Monitor temperature compress. Give a massage. Encourage the use of stress management techniques such as progressive relaxation bio-feedback therapeutic touch, visualization, self-hypnosis guidelines imagination, and breath-control. Engage in activities of entertainment that is suitable for individual situations. Give the drug before activity or exercise that is planned as directed. Assist patients with physical therapy. Rest of systemic, recommended during the acute exacerbation phase of disease and all that is important to retain the power to prevent fatigue. Eliminates pressure on the tissue and increase circulation. Facilitate patient self-care and independence. Proper removal techniques can prevent skin abrasion tear. Increasing the stability (reduce the risk of injury) and necessary joint position and body alignment, reduced contractor. To maximize joint function and maintain mobility. It may be necessary to suppress the acute inflammatory system. Useful in formulating training programs / activities based on individual needs and in identifying the tool (Moskowitz, 2007). The patient met this outcome. Her worst pain reduced to 6 and her tolerance increased to 5 with less verbal and facial expression. 2. Impaired Physical Mobility associated with skeletal deformities, pain, discomfort, and decreased muscle strength. Maintain a function of position in the absence / restrictions contractures. Maintain or improve strength and function of compensation of the body. Demonstrate techniques or behaviors enabling activities Monitor the level of inflammation / pain in joints Maintain bed rest / sit if necessary Schedule of activities to provide a rest period of continuous and uninterrupted nighttime sleep. Assist patients with range of motion active / passive and resistive exercise and isometric if possible. Slide to maintain an upright position and sitting height, standing, and walking. Provide a safe environment, for example, raise the chair / toilet, use a high grip and tub and toilet, the use of mobility aids / wheelchairs rescue. Collaboration physical therapist / occupational and specialist visional. The level of activity / exercise depends on the development / resolution of the inflammatory process. Systemic Rest is recommended during acute exacerbations, and all phases of the disease is important to prevent exhaustion maintain strength Maintain / improve joint function, muscle strength and general stamina. Eliminates stress on the network and improves circulation. Facilitate patient self-care and independence. Proper removal techniques to prevent tearing skin abrasion. Increase stability (reducing the risk of injury) and maintain the necessary joint position and body alignment, reducing contractor. To maximize joint function and maintain mobility Avoiding injury due to accidents / falls Useful in formulating training programs / activities based on individual needs and identifying tools (Grifka Ogilvie-Harris, 2012). The patient met this outcome because she is able to walk without any appliance and her mobility is independent. MEDICATION LIST Medications (with APA citations) Class/Purpose Route Frequency Mechanism of action / Onset of action Common side effects Nursing considerations specific to this patient Namenda NMDA receptor antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist. Oral 5mg 2times a day Namenda reduces the actions of chemicals in the brain that may contribute to the symptoms of Alzheimers disease. Diarrhea, dizziness or headache. Donepezil HCL Parasympathomimetic Oral 1tab/day at bed time This medication is an enzyme blocker that works by restoring the balance of natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite/weight loss, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, trouble sleeping, shakiness (tremor), or muscle cramps Amlodipine Calcium channel blocker Oral 2.5mg PO Amlodipine relaxes (widens) blood vessels and improves blood flow. Dizziness, lightheadedness, swelling ankles/feet, headaches, or flushing Hydrochlorothiazide Thiazide diuretic Oral 12.5 mg 1tab PO QD Hydrochlorothiazide helps prevent the body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention. Stomach upset, dizziness, or headache Effexor Antidepressant Oral 37.5mg 1x a day Venlafaxine affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause depression. Vision changes; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, changes in appetite or weight, dry mouth, yawning; dizziness, headache, anxiety, feeling nervous, fast heartbeats, tremors or shaking, insomnia, strange dreams, tired feeling, increased sweating, and decreased sex drive. Bibliography Bourgeois, M. S., Hickey, E. (2011). Dementia: From Diagnosis to Management A Functional Approach. New York: Taylor Francis. Grifka, J., Ogilvie-Harris, D. (2012). Osteoarthritis: Fundamentals and Strategies for Joint-Preserving Treatment. New York: Springer Science Business Media. Izzo, J. L., Black, H. R. (2003). Hypertension Primer: The Essentials of High Blood Pressure. New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Kilmartin, A. (2002). The Patients Encyclopaedia of Urinary Tract Infection, Sexual Cystitis and Interstitial Cystitis. Boston: Angela Kilmartin. Moskowitz, R. W. (2007). Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical/Surgical Management. New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Shaffer, D. (2008). Social and Personality Development. Boston: Cengage Learning.

Radio waves :: essays research papers

Science Competition Space Timeline This below is my timeline of space it should explain the many theories of how the universe came to be. It should explain about how galaxy was formed and what stage our star; the sun is in at this point in this present moment. The Time Line will take you from the moment it was created to the moment it will die. It will show each step in as much detail as I can find. The Big Bang Theory I am going to start the timeline with the big bang theory as people/scientists believe that it was at this point at which our universe was created The diagram below shows the early stages of the universe after the big bang. I am going to show you step by step how each stage happened and what it meant. The short section of the timeline below shows the short period of time, 300 million years after the big bang. Stage 1 The Big Bang-The universe began with an explosion that generated space and time, as well as all the matter and energy the universe has and will ever hold. For a small fraction of a second, the universe was an infinitely dense, hot fireball. The present theory described a peculiar form of energy that could suddenly push out the fabric of space. On a rare occasion, a process called "Inflation" can cause a vast expansion of space filled with this energy. The inflationary expansion could only be stopped when this energy had transformed into matter and energy as we know it. - Stage 2 Universe Shaped- After inflation, one millionth of a second after the Big Bang, the universe continued to expand but not nearly as quickly as it had done. As it expanded, it became less dense and cooled down. The most basic forces in nature were discovered: first gravity, then the strong forces then the weak followed by the electromagnetic forces. By the first second, the universe was made up of elementary (basic) particles and energy basic elements such as: quarks, electrons, photons, neutrinos and less familiar types. These particles smashed together to form protons and neutrons. Stage 3 Basic Elements Formed- 3 seconds after the universe had shaped Protons and neutrons came together to form the nuclei of simple elements such as: hydrogen, helium and lithium. It took another 300,000 years for electrons to be captured into orbits around those nuclei to form stable atoms.

Eating disorders and sexual violence Essay

Many neurotic behaviors are a direct consequence of Trauma. Some of the disorders caused by sexual violence trauma include Rape Trauma Syndrome, (PTSD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), and eating disorders (ED). Developing an eating disorder such as compulsive over-eating, anorexia or bulimia after going through sexual violence trauma is very common. However, not all sexual abuse and violence victims will develop an eating disorder. It is estimated that almost 30% to 40% of eating disorder patients are survivors of sexual trauma. A person already vulnerable to eating disorders or suffering from bad self image can use a devastating incident like rape or incest as a trigger to develop an eating disorder. There are countless reasons why eating disorders are used as a coping mechanism by persons suffering from sexual trauma. Some develop eating disorders to avoid sexuality. In other cases it is seen as a way to hide anger or frustration and seek the approval of other people. Since they cannot show the anger and resentment directly, they find unhealthy ways like starving or overeating to express themselves. Some abused teenagers might start viewing their body as a source of shame. In their opinion, unhealthy eating is a way of fixing the problem. In stressful situations like divorce of parents, car accident, death of a sibling and especially rape or molestation the victim feels utterly powerless. The person going through mental trauma will find new ways to improve his or her sense of control. Our culture and society place great emphasis on body image. Being thin is equated with maximum control. As a result, majority of victims start avoiding food or limiting intake to dangerous levels. In this way, the victim no longer remains powerless in their life. A commercial that shows unrealistic bodies will keep motivating such a person to indulge in unhealthy eating behavior. When a person remembers a stressful situation they can be driven to eat more than a normal person. Overeating or eating comfort foods that are high caloric foods can calm the body and relieve it from chronic stress. Sometimes sexually abused women and men merge physical or emotional pleasures with terrifying events. A woman who was raped repeatedly by her uncle as a child will show effects of depression and stress in her later life. However, if the woman had no affection shown towards her by members of her family she will start associating the sexual violence with great affection. This confusing association of good with bad makes her starve and harm her body. She feels pride and satisfaction from harming her body. For her, she has secretly accomplished something other cant. Bulimic patients often experience pleasure and pain for a short span of time. The binging alleviates the hunger longing but very soon shame and self-hatred takes over and she is forced to purge her system entirely. Without recognizing and dealing with trauma it is impossible to treat an eating disorder. It is important that cognitive awareness of the patient is increased as part of the treatment. He/She needs to understand the things that can or cannot be controlled in their lives. The most difficult part is making the patient realize that pain and pleasure are separate experiences that do not need to be subsequently followed by one or the other.

Programming Solution Proposal Essay

Computer programs can help us solve everyday issues that might seem impossible. Household budgeting is an issue that burdens many Americans. Every individual is ultimately responsible for managing his or her finances. Developing a computer program that can help individuals manage their budget will greatly improve their life quality. The program would have to follow the program development cycle model and use the modular approach. Identifying Budget Issues The biggest challenge that many American families are facing after the 2008 recession is managing a monthly budget adequately. The fact is that many families increased their debt by borrowing more than their allocated budget. Americans need to learn to live base on how much they earn. Our first reaction, when in debt, would be to make up excuses as to why we are in that situation. Some of us will even try to blame relatives or credit card companies when faced with excessive debt. It is families, who do not budget properly, that end up losing their homes and vehicles to banks or lenders (msn, 2009). Who is Responsible? The task of managing your budget according to your earnings is a decision and responsibility that is ultimately yours. The first step to take when budgeting is to acknowledge your debt problem and stop finding justifications for it. The problem can be excessively stressful and it is recommended to seek assistance through friends, family, or even better from an organization that guides people through debt reduction. A non-profit organization, such as the National Foundation for Credit Counseling, will probably be the best option. To start getting a handle of the problem, one must establish a number of how much is owed (msn, 2009). Developing a Program Technology, at present day, is an important tool that can be used to our advantage to solve almost any issue. Many families that might be facing budgeting and even foreclosure issues might not be aware that such tools exist. The process of creating a computer program that will help us budget our monthly income can greatly improve our quality of life. Such program must follow the program development cycle and contain the three main components of a computer program; input, process, and output (Venit & Drake, 2009). Program Development Cycle The first step of the program development cycle is to analyze the problem. We need to fully understand the problem that needs to be solved. We also need to analyze which information is available to us. The initial information available to us is our monthly net pay, and our monthly economic obligations. We also need to establish our desired output, establishing a budget, and determine how our known information will help us achieve those results. At this point we might also become aware of information that is not included but is necessary in order to identify the problem properly. Such information may include unexpected expenses, depositing money into a savings account, etc. (Venit & Drake, 2009). The next step of the cycle is designing a program to solve the problem. The designing step of the program development cycle will yield a flowchart that will outline how the actual program is executed based on the known variables. The flowchart will include a starting point, inputs, assignments, If conditions, loops, outputs, and an ending point. The evaluation of each step of the program development cycle might yield additional subtasks that might need to be added to the original flowchart. This step also involves writing an algorithm in pseudocodes which will instruct the program on what to do. The last two steps of the cycle involve writing the pseudocode statements in program code. The program code will depend on which computer language is chosen. Finally the program needs to be executed to determine if it runs properly. A re-evaluation of the program might be needed if the program does not execute properly (Venit & Drake, 2009). The goal of the program is to aid the average household to adequately manage a budget. Modular Approach The modular approach that will be taken to create this budgeting program will ensure the creation of the proper program to solve the issue. The approach will first consider the major tasks that need to be accomplished. A module will be created for each task in the program. The tasks can later be broken down into sub-tasks as deemed necessary by the programmer. These sub-tasks will then be assigned sub-modules. The amount of sub-tasks is determined by the complexity of the problem and how many are needed to solve the problem. The purpose of breaking down tasks is to make the program much easier and simpler. The model that is used to break down tasks is called the top-down design (Venit & Drake, 2009). Conclusion Developing a computer program that can help individuals manage their budget will greatly improve their life quality.

Nursing Practice Essay

1.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources the members need to assemble prior to a disaster where evacuation or sheltering in place is required. Every community does have its problems and every community is made up of both the young and the old. The ages of this community ranges from 0 to 70 plus. This community needs major interventions to help improve the health status of the members of the community. Spoke to about 5 members in the community, four middle adults and one old. All the four adults did not have any source of health insurance. The older one has Medicare. When a disaster strikes, residents could be asked to get a disaster kit. The kit should be able to contain water, food, extra clothing, first aid kit, emergency items (flashlights, extra batteries, toilet papers etc). Parent with babies should have pack formula, diapers, bottles; baby wipes and diaper rash ointment. 2.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources that the members may need during an evacuation or sheltering in place. Most of the young and old may have minor mental problems as a result of the tragedy they go through (depression, etc.). Member may need to have any form of ID on them, which will be for their own good. The Texas 2-1-1(Texas Health and Human Service Commission), gives information and referral on shelter locations, transportation options, and support medical facilities. The Southern Baptist disaster relief also does provide services like American Red Cross, but also do assist with clean-up activities like debris removal. 3.Describe, in detail, specific to their age, health conditions, or other factors, what resources the members may need immediately after an evacuation or sheltering in place, if adequate local support is unavailable. It is advisable for members to have any form of ID on them that will be for their own good. FEMA provide federal funding and supplements state disaster relief. One other resource is the American Red Cross, emergency assistance of Red Cross offers feeding  stations, shelters, cleaning supplies, household items, clothing, comfort kits, first aid, blood, credit cards etc. 4.Identify their resource deficits? List their knowledge deficits? FEMA and the American Red Cross agreed that FEMA should be the primary agency for mass care in the NRF because the primary agency should be able to direct federal agencies resources to meet mass care needs, which the Red Cross cannot (Fagnoni, 2008). Now, the deficit cut being requested by most politicians in Washington is going to make it difficult for resources to be given out adequately to victims of a disaster. One of the deficits of knowledge is how to allocate given resources. Most aggregates finds it difficult or have no idea where or how to get help in time of disasters. Although every American know about Red Cross, but most aggregate do not know where to start to get the held needed. 5.What resource or knowledge gaps can be addressed by the community health nurse to strengthen their flexible lines of defense (NSM) of the community aggregate? The community health nurse can address the gaps by first offering medical help, and by helping the community to get access to basic resources needed. Secondly, by providing the community with adequate information and ways in which to help the aggregates get the help they need. This will help give aggregates some kind of comfort and help reduce stress and pain. 6.What is the top priority knowledge deficit concern? The top knowledge deficit concern will be how aggregates will be coping. Lack of knowledge always comes with lot of stress. Without much needed information and resource, aggregates will find themselves being very anxious and will not be coping well. Basic life necessities might be difficult for aggregates to get hold off, and that puts a lot of stress on individual.

Cultural approaches to disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cultural approaches to disease - Research Paper Example On the other hand, Procter defines disease as the presence of an illness in the human body, often caused by infection, a definition that dominated in the early twentieth century’s-understanding of human health in which the biomedical perspective adopted was characterised by the narrow view of health as the mere absence of illness in the body. However, this vintage point has been replaced by a more encompassing one in which the role of the three aspects of biomedical, socio-cultural, and psychology in promoting society wellbeing have been brought together to form the modern day bio-psychosocial model. In fact, in 1948, the World Health Organization gave a standard definition of health as not the absence of disease or infirmity, but rather the complete mental, social, and mental state of well being. This definition captured the intricacy and multidisciplinary nature of health as a concept. The inclusion of the social dimension points to fact that the individual is a social being influenced and affected by the society they are in and his/her health being more than merely physiological (Card, et. al. 76). This widened viewpoint has over the years led to a shift from the traditional focus on the individual, as the sole unit of analysis and primary factor in preventing diseases and promotion of health. The modern day psychological approaches views individuals form a subset of a set influenced significantly by other factors of the social, economic, cultural, and physical environments. This paper will argue about the different cultural perspectives of disease, precisely HIV/AIDS, and their influence the global spread of diseases. Both the theoretical and applied approaches to health need to develop a culturally receptive understanding. This understanding is that models developed mostly in the developed world are expanded and improved by observing their efficiency and impact across varied cultural societies. This

English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English Language - Essay Example The work has a great implication on the lives of many people. The narration of the death of Mandela was accompanied with numerous statins of his achievement and his requirement to all people. Every person or institution wanting to live the legacy left by Mandela would be moved by the text since it reminds each and every person of the importance of being willing to sacrifice for the sake of the world. The author realises this fact and puts into perspective the most influential events in the life of Nelson Mandela. The main purpose of the text was creating an editorial that would reflect the actual life and times of Nelson Mandela. Additionally, the author seeks to enlighten the reader of the steps undertaken by Mandela to become one the global recognised leaders for their efforts to bring peace and save humanity. The text has no limitation on the suitable audience since its representation and content are appropriate for very person interested in understanding why Nelson Mandela was held with high regard. However, in highlighting his objective, the author uses the responses of leaders and other people in the society on Nelson Mandela. The article starts by the author explaining the mood that was expected at the funeral. They then mention the significance of the burial of Nelson Mandela3. The text assesses the audience present at the funeral, the mood of the actual day of the funeraland the days before the funeral. The author is quick to confirm that international leaders led by the US President, Barack Obama, were presented at the send-off ceremony and delivered moving speeches on how exceptional Mandela was4. The text also analyses the general feeling of the people of South Africa on their perception Mandela. The text then diverts from the funeral to the life and times of the Nelson Mandela. Significant events such as the

The History of Arabia and its Culture Assignment - 152

The History of Arabia and its Culture - Assignment Example The duration in the history of Arabia before the birth of Islam is referred to as Times of Ignorance. This is according to the practices and beliefs of pagan Arabs. The Arabs devoted to several religions which are characterized as polytheists, Christian Jews, and atheists. Most Arabs worshipped several idols. The atheist Arabs believed on the eternal world. After Romans destruction of Jerusalem, in A. D. 70, drove Jews into Hijaz, Arabia. Romans converted the Ghassan Arab tribe to Christianity (Farah 45). The state religion in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is Islam. Saudi Arabia hosts Mecca and Medina cities. Muhammad, the leader of the Islamic religion lived and died in the cities. The cities attract pilgrims in millions yearly. â€Å"Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques† is the King of Saudi Arabia’s official title (Farah 27). The two mosques are; Masjid al-Haram and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, in Mecca and Medina respectively. Saudi Arabia gave rise to the Arabic language, which is used in the Quran. Islam changed Arabs in several ways. For instance, the religion plays a significant role in the Saudi state and society. The influence of the religious establishment, ulema, is very great. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia entails the Arab Islamic state which is sovereign. Islam is the state religion, and the constitution is The Holy Quran; and the Sunna, traditions of the Prophet. Arab Israeli conflict entails military conflicts and the political tensions involving Israel and some Arab Countries. The basis of the present Arab Israel conflict is the rise of the Arab nationalism and Zionism, at the end 19th century. Territories viewed by the Jews as historically theirs, are also viewed by the Pan Arabs as belonging to, historically and presently, Palestinian Arabs (Morris 217). This tension among the Palestinian Arabs and Jews started at the beginning of the 20th century.  

Effective Organizational Transformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effective Organizational Transformation - Essay Example Hence, it is imperative for the organizations to be cognizant of the inherent complexity of an organizational transformation, to avoid any confusion or possible frustrations. Organizational transformation mostly affects an entire organization and do brings in ample confusion and chaos in its wake. Therefore, the involved stakeholders need to be willing and prepared to act and operate in an environment defined by ample change, amorphousness and uncertainty. Besides, there aught to be an optimum awareness at all the levels within and organization regarding the multiple phases of change and the knowledge, attitude and expertise required to manage each specific phase. In the given context, an acknowledgement of some key elements involving organizational transformation does help. Vision- Any successful organizational transformation largely is dependent on a clear and lucid vision. A flawless vision does happen to be an essential ingredient of any well-managed organizational transformation.

Structural theory and family development applied to a hypothetical Assignment

Structural theory and family development applied to a hypothetical case - Assignment Example The nurse will also work in collaboration with the spiritual leaders to uplift hope in life Ungar (2010). Additionally, the nurse will be instrumental in seeking the assistance of local or government authority that would offer them help, in this case Mrs. Jones. In this particular scenario, family structural and development theory can be of great help. In the case of household development theory, the family as a unit is viewed in biological, social and psychological perspective and development. For the event of the biological needs, the member of the family in needs, will be taken care of more. For the babies in the family, will need more of the care than the teenage. The biological need for the chronically ill patient needs to be more than the healthy one. According Ungar (2010) the social development of the family can be affected by the culture and the society and development. For the nurse taking care of the family need to put the culture and the society in consideration. The psychological development of the family can be compared with individual stage of growth. Since in this scenario the family is mature, and the mother has grandchildren, so the approach needs to be mature. The family structural theory, on the other hand, the persons character is a function of our relations with others. This family behavior will be developed in accordance with relation with others. This family has many relations where the widow is a mother with the chronic illness, the daughter who is the bread winner and the grandchildren. The interrelation of the family needs to be robust to have good behavior in the family. Family education in this scenario is very vital. The information is given on how to live positively and reinforced with knowledge to help this family to have control over and allow them have improved health. This will enable the family to shift the focus from just the behavior

Athenian audience Essay Example for Free

Athenian audience Essay Athenian audience with the references made to Athenian hypocrisy and the challenges and questions he raised on some of the moral issues of the time and the questions that he asked in his plays were sometimes ill received such as the role of women etc. Despite this, Euripides did win the tragedy prize with Hippolytus and is revered as a great playwright in present day drama. From some of the female characters that Euripides develops in his plays, one could assume that Euripides was a misogynist. However, it is wrong to say that all of his female characters are wicked and evil; Euripides has created some wonderful and interesting female characters as well as the wicked ones. Perhaps The Assembly Women actually had wrong motive for their revolt! In Alcestis, the title character, the wife of Admetus (the King of Pherae) sacrifices herself for her husbands life. A most noble act and Euripides portrays her character, as the model of what a Greek wife should be: completely and utterly devoted to their husband to the extent of dieing for the man that supports them. The Greek audience and modern alike will like Alcestis, as she is a sweet natured and noble woman. She most certainly would have won the hearts of the Greek audience. As she is such a noble character and the measure of her kindness toward her husband is so great, Euripides had to bring her back. So the heroic Heracles wends his way to Hades kingdom and brings her back. In Electra, again the title role, at the beginning of the play, comes across as a very sorrowful young woman. She has cut her hair out of mourning for her murdered father, Agamemnon. He was murdered by her mother, Clytemnestra, as he had to sacrifice their daughter and then brought home a concubine (Cassandra). When Agamemnon did get home, Clytemnestra had fallen in love with Aegisthus. Therefore, so far in the play, Electra comes across as a woman very much devoted to her father and hates her mother for murdering him. So far so justified. However, when she happens to meet her brother, Orestes, she convinces him to kill their mother. At this point she comes across as a very wicked conniving young lady. It seems as though she had been waiting for Orestes return to make him do this. When Orestes has doubts over killing Clytemnestra, she bullies him into doing it. She knew the result she wanted to get and she got it. Clytemnestra, if you havent read or seen Aeschylus Agamemnon, comes across as a less conniving woman than her daughter. She comes across as a very powerful and domineering woman. She arrives in the play in a chariot and commands the slaves to help her down. She is very aware of her class and position and will not back down from her decision to murder Agamemnon and regards it as the right thing to do. In this sense we must respect her for sticking by her decision and understand that Agamemnon did kill their daughter and come back with a concubine. In a very slight way, she is justified. Therefore, Euripides has created in Electra a very complicated character. We as the audience or readers assume that she had been planning her revenge on her mother for some time and was just waiting for Orestes return to enact it. Before this point however, we can sympathise with her loss of a father and the pain that she must be going thorough to have the knowledge that it was her mother who murdered him. Clytemnestra, from this play, comes across a woman who sticks by her decision and who in speech ha the capacity to justify and handle herself well. Euripides has created two complicated female characters and in his portrayal of them has shown no signs of his rumoured misogyny. Euripides creates one of the greatest roles for any actress to play in Hecabe. The title role is not the aforementioned feet of extraordinary characterisation. However, Hecabe as a character is very interesting. The audience comes away not knowing what to think of her. She begins the play as a woman who has endured such a lot of pain as the former Queen of the now sacked citadel of Troy. She has reached the limit of endurance and collapses in sorrow. She has lost her entire family to a war over one woman, the infamous Helen. At the end of the play, however, she literally snaps from a grief stricken widow to a raving savage. She has Polymestor blinded and enjoys the gruesome description of the event and the sounds. According to legend, Hecabe turns into a dog due to her extreme torment that results into madness. This is what Polymestor tells her at the end of the play when his blind by her decision. The character this section opened with by praising is Polyxena. She is Hecabes daughter and Euripides develops her character beautifully. Odysseus informs Hecabe that her daughter must be sacrificed to the deceased Achilles. Without shedding a tear, Polyxena, heroically goes with Odysseus to accept her fate. As she is taken to the tomb of Peleus (Achilles father), Greek soldiers hold her and Achilles son gets ready with his sword to kill or to sacrifice her. She asks not to be held and the soldiers are taken away. She then tears her clothes off to the wait and bravely speaks and awaits the sword to be thrust into her chest. Euripides in this play has created two memorable female characters. The brave and heroic Polyxena and the complicated Hecabe. Again, no sign of any misogyny on Euripides part here, in fact the opposite in Polyxenas case. Creating a heroic woman is no mean feet in Ancient Greece and her character must have been received well as she is incredibly strong of character and of heart. Another great female character in Euripidean literature is Heracles wife Megara in the play Heracles. The play tells of how Hera (Queen of the gods, married to Zeus, whos father to Heracles) turned Heracles mad and in his madness killed his three sons and his wife Megara. This then lead him to go to the Delphic Oracle that told him to be a slave to Eurytheus thus leading to his infamous twelve labours. Anyhow, Megara, at the beginning of the play, thinks that she is a widow and is a vulnerable woman who has to be strong for her three young sons. However, Heracles actually is not dead and comes home to them in Thebes. He is then turned mad by Hera and shoots two of his sons with arrows in his madness. Megara takes the last son and locks herself in room but Heracles breaks in and shoots them both with one arrow.